Jini, Hawaye da Fargaba a Daular El-Kanemi

Kashe-kashe da zub da jini da tashe-tashen hankula sun zamo ruwan dare a yankin arewa maso gabashin Najeriya a dalilin hare-haren ‘yan Boko Haram. A yayin da wannan tashin hankali ke bazuwa zuwa wasu sassan na Najeriya, har ma da makwabtanta, fargaba tana kara yawaita cewa watakila gwamnatin Najeriya ba ta san yadda zata takali wannan batu ba. Ko kuma tana kara rura wutar fitinar ne ma da kanta.

Ibrahim Alfa Ahmed da Mike Eckel

MAIDUGURI, NAJERIYA – A daidai lokacin da aka fara ganin soja na farko ya sa wuka zai yanka mutum na farko a hoton bidiyon nan, akwai gawar mutum guda cikin ramin da aka tona, da kuma jini a bakin ramin daga inda aka yanka shi. A bayansu, akwai mutanen dake zaune a layi kafin a zo kansu.

Wannan bidiyo da aka dauka da wayar salula a karshen watan Mayu na 2014, ya nuna wasu mutane uku, sanye da kayan soja irin na sojojin Najeriya, wasu rike da bindigogin Ak-47 da adduna, tare da wasu mutanen biyu sanye da kayan farar hula. An nuna yadda aka yanka mutane uku a cikin wannan bidiyon. An yi imanin cewa wadanda aka yanka a wannan hoton bidiyo, ko dai ‘yan Boko Haram ne, ko magoya bayansu, ko kuma dai watakila ma fararen hular da ba su san komai ba. Alamu sun nuna sojojin dake cikin bidiyon, sojojin gwamnatin Najeriya ne.

Wani sojan dake aiki a sabuwar shiyya ta 7 ta rundunar sojojin Najeriya da aka dora ma alhakin yakar ‘yan Boko Haram, shi ne ya ba VOA wannan bidiyon. Sojan ya bayyana wannan bidiyon, da wasu makamantansa da ya ba VOA a zaman misali na daya daga cikin hanyoyin da suke bi wajen yakar barazanar ‘yan Boko Haram, abinda ya kira “Hanyar Soja” ko “Military Way” kamar yadda ya fada a turance.

Shekaru biyar a bayan fara wannan rikicin, Najeriya tana jin jiki. Irin kashe-kashe da zub da jini da kuma tashe-tashen hankulan da tun farko ake ganinsu a yankin arewa maso gabas inda ake fama da talauci, yanzu ya bazu. A yanzu, kungiyar Boko Haram tana fitowa fili tana kalubalantar gwamnatin Najeriya, a yunkurinta na shimfida abinda a cewarta, shi ne tsarin Shari’ar Musulunci. A mako gudan da ya shige kawai ma, mayakan Boko Haram sun kwace garuruwan Gulak, da Michika a Jihar Adamawa, bayan da suka kwace garuruwan Gwoza, Bama da Madagali, kwanaki kafin wannan. A yanzu, kullum sai an samu labarin harbe-harbe ko fashe-fashe ko kashe-kashe a wurare da dama a kasar, yayin da aka kai hare-hare da dama a Abuja, babban birnin kasar, na baya-bayan nan a ranar 25 ga watan Yuni. A cikin wannan shekara kawai, an kashe mutane fiye da dubu biyu, yayin da wasu dubun dubata suka gudu daga gidajensu ala tilas a yankin arewa maso gabashin Najeriya, kamar a Damboa, Gwoza, Bama, Chibok, Buni Yadi, Gujba da wasu daruruwan garuruwa da kauyuka na yankin.

Babban Masallaccin da ake ginawa a Maiduguri yana kusa da wata unguwa da 'yan Boko Haram suka rike na wani dan lokaci daga 2012-2013. (VOA/Ibrahim Ahmed)

Irin martanin da gwamnatin shugaba Goodluck Jonathan na Najeriya take maidawa, ya kasa tabuka wani abin a zo a gani har yanzu. Cin hanci da rashawa yayi yawa sosai a cibiyoyin gwamnatin Najeriya, musamman a tsakanin hukumomi da ma’aikatun tsaro in ji wasu sojojin da suka yi magana da VOA a kan wannan. Haka kuma, an fara bayyana tababa a kan ko jami’an tsaron na Najeriya zasu ma iya tabuka wani abu, ko za a ba su sukunin tabuka wani abu, a bayan da aka kasa kwato dalibai mata ‘yan makaranta su fiye da 200 wadanda ‘yan Boko Haram suka sace kiri da muzu daga garin Chibok a Jihar Borno.

Wani dan sandan dake aiki a rundunar JTF a Jihar Borno, ya fadawa VOA cewa harsasai 30 ake ba su idan zasu fita aikin sintiri. Idan su na son a ninka musu zuwa 60 sai sun bayar da cin hanci ga mai raba musu makamai.

“Ta yaya zaka iya yakar abokin gabar da ya tinkare ka da harsasai fiye da dubu a jikinsa?” in ji wannan dan sanda.

Kwararru da masana daga ciki da wajen Najeriya da dama su na kara nuna damuwar cewa irin matakan da jami’an tsaron Najeriya suke dauka na kashe wadanda ake zargi, da sace su, ko kuma kamawa da daure mutum haka siddan, a yakin da suke yi da Boko Haram, yana kara munin wannan al’amari ne ta hanyar kara tsoratarwa da cin zarafin fararen hular da tun farko su na yin dari-dari da sojojin, sannan yana kara sanya su su na tausaya ma ‘yan bindigar. Wani rahoton da kungiyar Amnesty International ta bayar kwanakin baya ya nuna shaidar kisa ba ta hanyar shari’a ba, da wasu munanan ayyukan keta hakkin bil Adama da sojojin Najeriya suke aikatawa a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya.

A yanzu dai, dukkan kasashen dake makwabtaka da Najeriya a arewa, musamman Kamaru, Nijar, Chadi da sauran sassan yankin Sahel su na cikin hatsari na wannan tayar da kayar bayan Boko Haram.

Peter Pham, kwararre kan harkokin Najeriya a wata cibiyar bincike da ake kira Atlantic Council dake Washington, yace, “Abinda ya faro a zaman wata matsalar wani yanki na cikin gida yanzu ya rikide ya koma matsala ga duk kasar da makwabtanta.”

Cibiyar wannan tayar da kayar baya dai, har yanzu tana inda ta faro ne, watau a birnin Maiduguri: birnin da a yanzu zullumi da fargaba suka rufe jama’a cikinta.

Idan mutum yaje shiga cikin Maiduguri, daya daga cikin abubuwan dake daukar hankalinsa shi ne taken jihar da aka rubuta a jikin wani allo: “The Home of Peace” watau Gida ko Cibiya ko Tungar Zaman lafiya. Daya daga cikin direbobin da muka yi hira da su, Yakubu Mohammed, yace kullum yana shige wannan allo idan ya debi fasinja daga Maiduguri zuwa Gamboru-Ngala dake bakin iyaka da Kamaru.

Wata rana a cikin watan Agustar 2013, ‘yan Boko Haram sun tare su a hanya, bayan da suka shige Dikwa kadan. Sun sanya masa hancin bindiga a fuska, suka fitar da fasinja uku cikin motar, suka harbe guda biyu har lahira a saboda sun ce ba Musulmi ba ne. Na ukun ya rantse musu shi Musulmi ne.

“Daga nan sai wani dan bindiga, yaro karami, kamar dan shekara 12 ma, ya kwace ma mutum na ukun wayoyinsa da kudin dake aljihunsa, suka ce masa ya koma cikin mota,” in ji Yakubu.

Direbobi, kamar wadannan da ake gani a tashar mota ta Mairi a Maiduguri, sun daina bin hanyoyi da dama a saboda fargabar 'yan Boko Haram dake tare hanyoyi su na kashe su. (VOA/Ibrahim Ahmed)

A jihohin da wannan fitina ta Boko Haram ta fi yin tsanani, watau Borno da Yobe da kuma Adamawa, harkokin kasuwanci sun tsaya cik a wasu sassan, wasu kuma rayuwarsu ma gaba daya ta tsaya.

A da, Borno ita ce cibiyar kasuwancin da ta hade Najeriya da kasashe kamar Kamaru, Chadi, Nijar, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Sudan da kuma kasashen Kwango guda biyu.

Wannan cinikayyar ta tsaya cik tun watannin baya, a saboda direbobi da ‘yan kasuwa su na fargabar bin hanyoyin. Shugaban majalisar ‘yan kasuwa ta Jihar Borno, Alhaji Rijiya Bama, ya ce, “A yanzu ba su zuwa a saboda yaran nan (‘yan Boko Haram) sun tare hanyoyi su na kashe direbobi su na kwashewa ko kona kayayyakinsu.”

A sassa da yawa na arewa maso gabashin Najeriya, musamman wadanda ke cikin dajin Sambisa ko makwabtaka da shi, da wuraren Bama, Konduga da Monguno da wasunsu, ayyukan noma sun tsaya a saboda ‘yan Boko Haram sun kori jama’a, ko kuma idan an shuka amfanin gonar ma zasu sace ko su lalata.

Duk da cewa yanzu ana cikin damina, akwai daruruwan motocin tarakta na noma da garma da wasu kayan aikin gona dake ajiye sun yi tsatsa a hedkwatar Hukumar Ayyukan Noman Zamani ta Jihar Borno dake Maiduguri. Masana su na kashedin cewa wannan na iya haddasa karancin abinci da tsadarsa.

Irin wannan mummunar fargaba, ba wai ta tsaya ga yankunan karkara ba ne kawai. Birnin Maiduguri, mai mutanen da suka zarce miliyan daya, kuma cibiyar ‘yan Boko Haram kafin a kore su, ya sha fuskantar hare-haren bam, ciki har da wani wanda aka kai ranar 14 ga watan Janairu.

(VOA Graphics)

A wannan rana, wani matashi mai suna Salihu yace yana gida ya ji karar tashin bam ta wajen inda mahaifinsa, Usman Masta mai Nama ke da tukuba a kusa da Fas Ofis. Wata mota cike da nakiya ta tashi, ta kashe mahaifinsa, ta raunata mutane masu yawa. Yanzu ya zamo maraya, kuma ya zamo shi ke rike da wannan tukuba da mahaifinsa ya bari.

“Aikin sayar da nama kawai na sani kuma na iya. Yanzu babu abinda zan yi, kamar zuwa makaranta ko wani abu. Wa zai kula da iyaye da sauran ‘yan’uwana” in ji shi?

A bayan shekara da shekaru ana ganin karuwar zub da jini, kungiyar Boko Haram ta yi kaurin suna a idon duniya a lokacin da mayakanta suka sace yara dalibai mata su fiye da 200 daga makarantar sakandare a garin Chibok na Jihar Borno. Kwanaki kadan a bayan sace daliban, shugaban Boko Haram, Abubakar Shekau, ya fito cikin wani faifan bidiyo yana fadin cewa matan sun zamo bayinsu, kuma ba za a sako su ba sai idan gwamnati ta sako ‘yan’uwansu dake daure a gidajen wakafi.

Wata ‘yar shekara 17 daga cikin wadannan dalibai, wadda ta samu nasarar tserewa ita da wasu daliban biyu daga inda aka fara kai su bayan sace su, ta bayyanawa VOA yadda aka yi aka sace su, da yadda suka yi ta cire dankwalayensu su na jefarwa a kan hanya da gangan, cikin dare, bisa fatar cewa idan sojoji sun ji labarin an sace su, zasu zo su kwace su, kuma zasu yi ta ganin inda suka jefar da dankwalayen nasu su bi sawu.

Ta ce, “munyi ta cire dan kwalinmu muna jefarwa a kan hanya da yake dare ne, domin in soja suka ji labarin an sace mu, zasu iya bin sawu su zo su cece mu. Saboda haka muka yi ta jefar da dankwalinmu a kan hanya cikin dare.”

Taswirar yawan masu gudun hijira na cikin gida a jihohin da ake dokar-ta-baci, ya zuwa watan Maris na 2014. (VOA Graphics)

Duniya ta yi caa wajen nuna goyon bayanta ga wadannan ‘yan mata karkashin wani kyamfe mai suna #BringBackOurGirls, tare da kara matsin lamba a kan gwamnatin Jonathan ta yi wani abu domin kwato su. Wannan kyamfe ya samu goyon baya matuka daga manyan mutane a fadin duniya, cikinsu har da matar shugaban Amurka, Michelle Obama.

A yayin da wannan ke gudana kuwa, Maiduguri ta kara cika da tumbatsa da ‘yan gudun hijiran dake gudowa daga garuruwa da kauyukan dake kewaye a saboda hatsarin farmakin ‘yan Boko Haram. Garuruwa da kauyuka da yawa sun zamo babu ko mahaluki cikinsu, wasunsu ma an kona su gaba daya.

Harsashin Boko Haram ya samo asali tun daga zamanin mulkin mallaka ma in ji wasu masana, a saboda irin sarkakiyar bambance-bambancen addini, kabila, al’ada, siyasa da sauransu. An samu tashe-tashen hankula da zub da jini a sassan arewacin Najeriya, inda Musulmi da kuma kabilun Hausa, Fulani da Kanuri suka fi rinjaye. Talauci ya fi tsanani a yankin na arewa, ba kamar a kudu ba, inda kabilun Yarbawa da Igbo da kuma Ijaw suke da rinjaye.

Wani mai bincike na kungiyar kare hakkin bil Adama ta Human Rights Watch a Abuja, Mausi Segun, yace “irin wannan tarihi na tsama a tsakanin kabilun Najeriya, shi ne ake gani a wannan tawaye na Boko Haram, da kuma rashin maida martanin da ya kamata wajen murkushe shi.”

A shekarun 1990, lokacin Najeriya ba ta rabu da mulkin soja ba, fassara mai tsauri ta akidar Islama ta fara shiga yankin arewacin Najeriya. A lokacin ne aka fara samun wasu masu tsattsauran ra’ayin da har aka fara kiransu ‘yan Taliban na Najeriya. Amma a lokacin, babu wani tashin hankali ko zub da jinni a koyarwarsu.

A shekarar 1999, sojoji sun mika mulkin Najeriya hannun farar hula. A yankuna da dama na kasar, ‘yan siyasa sun yi ta amfani da malaman addinansu a zaman kafa ta samun goyon bayan siyasa. A jihar Borno, gwamna Ali Modu Sherrif, wanda aka ce ya zamo gwamna da taimakon kungiyoyi kamar na Mohammed Yusuf, ya nada wani jigo na Boko Haram a zaman kwamishinan harkokin addini na jihar.

Shekaru hudu bayan nan, a lokacin da ya sake tsayawa takara, Sherrif ya kawo karshen huldarsa da kungiyar Mohammed Yusuf, inda suka fara takun saka har zuwa watan Yulin shekarar 2009 a lokacin da aka yi babban rikicin Boko Haram na farko aka kashe Mohammed Yusuf a yayin da yake hannun ‘yan sanda. Daga bisani an kashe dubban magoya bayansa a hare-haren da aka yi ta kaiwa kan cibiyoyinsa a jihohi da dama, musamman Borno, Yobe da Bauchi.

An dauka cewa kungiyar Boko Haram ta mutu a lokacin, sai a karshen shekarar 2010, daya daga cikin mataimakan Mohammed Yusuf, Abubakar Shekau, ya fito da wani faifan bidiyo yana bayyana cewa shi ne shugaban kungiyar, yana kuma barazanar kai farmaki kan cibiyoyin gwamnati da jami’anta. A wannan bidiyo, Shekau ya rungumi sabon salo irin na kungiyoyi masu alaka da al-Qa’ida, wajen lafazi da akidarsa.

Kungiyar Boko Haram ta fara kai hare-haren farko kan ofisoshin ‘yan sanda da na sauran jami’an tsaro. Hare-haren bam na mota na farko sun wakana a hedkwatar ‘yan sanda dake Abuja da kuma ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya dake babban birnin. Kungiyar ta fadada wuraren da take kai ma hare-hare daga ofisoshin ‘yan sanda zalla, zuwa ga Masallatai da Coci-Coci har ma da malaman da ba su yarda da akidarta ba. Daya daga cikin wadannan malamai shi ne Sheikh Adam Albani Zaria, shugaban da’awar Salafiyya ta Najeriya, wanda aka kashe a watan Fabrairun wannan shekara.

Tun bayan shekarar 2010, wannan kyamfe na zub da jini ya bazu ya tsallake iyakar Borno da ma Najeriya. Zub da jinin da kungiyar Boko Haram keyi ya samu karin tallafi ko tagomashi, daga abubuwan da suka faru a kasar Mali daga 2011 zuwa 2012 inda ‘yan tawaye masu alaka da al-Qa’ida suka yi kusan kwace kasar kafin sojojin Faransa su ja musu burki a watan Janairun 2013. A wannan lokacin, Boko Haram ta tura mayakanta sansanonin horaswa na arewacin Mali.

Peter Pham na Cibiyar binciken harkokin yau da kullum ta Atlantic Council, yace mayakan Boko Haram, watakila daruruwansu, sun halarci wadannan sansanoni na arewacin Mali inda suka koyi dabarun yaki.

Boko Haram ta nuna alamun kwarewa wajen kai hare-hare masu yawa a lokaci guda. An kashe mutane akalla 42 a wannan harin da Boko Haram ta kai kan garin Bama dake Jihar Borno a watan Mayun 2013. (AP)

Irin huldar da ake zaton Boko Haram tana yi da al-Qa’ida, koda yake ba a tabbatar ba, abin damuwa ne ga kwararru da yawa. Pham yace irin bidiyon da Shekau ke fitarwa a bayan shekarar 2010, sun yi kama sosai da irin tsarin shirya bidiyo na al-Qa’ida.

Watakila kuma akwai wasu mayakan Boko Haram da suka samu horaswa a hannun kungiyar al-Shabab ta Somaliya mai alaka da al-Qa’ida. Irin hare-haren bam na kunar-bakin-wake da kuma wadanda ake dasawa cikin mota, dabarun yaki ne da ba a san su a Najeriya ba, amma kuma dabaru ne da aka san su a wurin al-Qa’ida.

Wannan yana nufin cewa duk da cewa Boko Haram ba ta da kudi irin na al-Qa’ida, dabarunta su na da kaifin wadancan. Sun kuma fi tsanani wajen nuna rashin imani, ta yin amfani da yanka mutane, ko harbe su, ko kai hare-haren bam a wuraren taruwar fararen hula da wasunsu. Wani bidiyon da aka saka a kan intanet a ranar 22 ga watan Yuli, an ce ya nuna yadda ‘yan Boko Haram suke cin zarafin wani sojan sama na Najeriya da suka kama, kafin su yanka shi, su cire masa kai.

“Abinda yake da muhimmanci a yanzu shi ne (‘yan Boko Haram) sun iya kamawa tare da rike garuruwa da yankuna tare da yin amfani da su wajen shiryawa da kai munanan hare-hare a kan wasu yankunan,” in ji Pham.

A ranar 27 Yuli, ‘yan Boko Haram sun kai farmaki a garin Kolofata dake bakin iyaka a cikin Kamaru suka sace matar mataimakin firayim ministan kasar.

Tafiyar awa biyu ne daga Maiduguri zuwa Kolofata. Wannan shi ne hari na uku da suka kai cikin Kamaru a kwanaki uku.

A saboda yadda tashin hankalin Boko Haram yayi tsanani, shugaba Goodluck Jonathan na Najeriya ya kafa dokar-ta-baci a Borno da wasu jihohi biyu makwabtanta a watan Mayun 2013.

A yayin da aka ga alamun tsagera sun fara fin karfin sojoji da ‘yan sanda sai aka kafa rundunar tsaro ta hadin guiwa, JTF, domin yakar ‘yan Boko Haram gadan-gadan. Rundunar ta girka dubban ‘yan sanda da sojoji a kewayen Borno inda suka kafa wuraren binciken ababen hawa da mutane, da yin sintiri tare da kai sumame. A bara, an kafa sabuwar shiyya ta rundunar sojoji da ake kira Shiyya ta 7, aka kafa hedkwatarta a Maiduguri.

Amma kuma, akwai tababar ko hukumomin tsaron Najeriya zasu iya shawo kan matsalolin shugabanci da kuma zarmiya da cin hancin da suka zamo ruwan dare, domin su samu sukunin kawo karshen wannan fitina.

Wani tsohon jakadan Amurka a Najeriya, Robin Sanders, ya fadawa wani zaman sauraron shaida na majalisar wakilan Amurka a ranar 11 ga watan Yuni, cewa “sojojin Najeriya na yanzu ba su taba fuskantar wani abu makamancin abinda suke fuskanta yanzu a hannun Boko Haram ba.” Ya kara da cewa, “Najeriya ta fada cikin yaki ko rikici na dogon lokaci, kuma dole ta fahimci hakan. Wannan ba fitina ce da ta shafi yanki guda kawai ba.”

A cikin wasu hirarraki masu yawa da suka yi da VOA a watannin Afrilu da Mayu a Borno da wasu wuraren, jami’an ‘yan sanda, da sojoji da jami’an gwamnati sun yi kuka da cewa zarmiya da cin hanci sune suke nakkasa kokarin yakar Boko Haram tare da kashe kwarin guiwar dakaru. Sojoji suka ce a lokuta da dama ana tura su bakin daga ba tare da an biya su kudaden alawus nasu ba. Wani soja yace an tura su suka yi kwanaki uku a cikin daji, amma kuma Naira dubu daya kacal aka ba kowannensu. Kananan ‘yan sanda da sojoji duka sun yi korafin cewa manyansu ne ke cika aljifansu da kudaden alawus din nasu tare da wadanda ake warewa don sayen makamai.

Wani dan sanda Mobayil da yace a kira shi da sunan Malo kawai, ya bayyana cewa “abin kunya ne Najeriya ta ce zata gayyaci kasashen waje suzo su mata wannan yaki. Muna da makaman da zamu iya yin wannan yaki, amma an hana mu. Da hannayenmu zamu yake su?”

Wani bam da aka boye cikin mota ya tashi kusa da wata kasuwa ran 2 Yuli, 2014, a Maiduguri, ya kashe mutane akalla 56. Jami'ai suka ce akasarin wadanda suka mutu, mata ne tsoffi dake sayar da gyada da ruwa ko lemo a kasuwar. (AP)

A watan Mayu, wasu sojoji sun bude wuta a kan motar babban kwamandan shiyya ta 7, wanda suka zarga da laifin kyale ‘yan’uwansu suka mutu a hannun Boko Haram. Wasu sojojin ma sun ce akwai sojan Najeriya dake yaki ma Boko Haram. Wani soja, ya bayyanawa VOA labarin abinda ya faru lokacin wani fada a watan Mayu a Borno, inda ya gane wani daga cikin mayakan Boko Haram.

“Mun sansu,” in ji shi “domin kuwa wasu daga cikinsu sune suka koya mana yadda ake yaki da ta’addanci. Wasu daga cikin Boko Haram da muke yaka sojojin Najeriya ne da suka horas da mu.”

Alhaji Rijiya Bama, na kungiyar ‘yan kasuwa ta Jihar borno, yace kwanakin baya ya fito daga Bama za shi Maiduguri, ya ga wani abin al’ajabi a kauyen Kawuri a lokacin da yara ‘yan bindiga na Boko Haram suka koro wani a mota har zuwa inda sojoji suka kafa shingen bincike. Sun zo suka harbe mutumin, sojoji su na kallonsu, amma ba suyi komai ba. Sai daga baya suke fadawa masu motocin dake tsaye a wurin cewa ba a ba su umurnin su yi harbi ba sai idan an kai musu hari.

Sannan kuma sai batun wani bidiyon da aka dauka da wayar salula, daya daga cikin wasu fayafayen bidiyo guda hudu da wannan sojan ya ba VOA a bayan da ya bayyana abinda ya kira “Hanyar Soja” (The Military Way) ta kawo karshen wannan fitinar ‘yan Boko Haram.

Wannan bidiyo na minti biyu, wanda kididdiga ta nuna cewa an dauke shi a ranar 26 Mayu, 2014, ya kunshi yadda wasu mutanen da aka ga alamun cewa sojojin Najeriya ne, suke yanka mutane akalla hudu. A cikin wannan bidiyon, sojojin ne suke bada umurnin yadda ake yanka mutanen. Masu sanye da kayan soja da kansu suka yanka biyu daga cikin mutanen, yayin da wasu mutanen biyu sanye da kayan farar hula suke rike da wadanda ake yankawa a bakin wani katon rami da aka tona ana tura gawarwakin wadanda aka yanka ciki. An umurci wani sanye da kayan farar hula, a kan yazo ya yanka guda daga cikin mutanen, kuma an ga alamu a fuska da jikinsa kamar bai so yin hakan ba.

Sojojin dake cikin wannan bidiyo sun yi ta maganganu da harshen Turancin Burokin (Pidgin) irin wanda a Najeriya kadai ake yinsa, ya bambanta da na kasashe irinsu Ghana da Liberiya da Saliyo,sannan kuma su na hadawa da harshen Hausa. Wannan ya bambanta da maganganun ‘yan Boko Haram da aka saba gani ana ji a hotunansu na bidiyo inda suke magana da Hausa, amma Hausa irin ta Kanuri. Mutanen da aka yanka dai ba a ji sun ce komai a wannan bidiyo ba.

Sojan da ya bada VOA wannan bidiyo, yana aiki ne a karkashin Shiyya ta 7 (7^th DIV) ta rundunar sojojin Najeriya, kuma ya mika shi ne lokacin wata ganawa a wani sansanin soja cikin jihar Borno bisa sharadin cewa ba za a fadi inda aka yi wannan ganawa ko kuma sunansa ba. VOA dai ba ta iya tabbatar da sahihancin wannan bidiyo dari bisa dari ba, amma kuma ta sanya kwararru sun binciki asalinsa, da harsunan sojojin da ke cikin bidiyon, da dabi’unsu, da irin makaman da suke rike da su, da kuma yanayin wurin da aka dauki wannan bidiyo. Har ila yau wani kwararre a wajen VOA guda daya shi ma ya nazarci wannan bidiyo ya kuma furta cewa da alamun na zahiri ne. Ita ma kungiyar kare hakkin bil Adama ta Amnesty International ta wallafa sassan wani bidiyon da yayi kama da wannan, amma kuma wanda aka dauka da wata kyamara dabam daga wani gefen dabam.

A lokacin da yake bayani a kan wannan da sauran bidiyon da ya ba VOA dake nuna yadda ake daure wadanda ake tuhuma ana musu tambayoyi, ko gana musu azaba, sojan yace “wadannan ‘yan Boko Haram marasa imani, muna magance su ta Hanyar Soja ne.” Da aka tambaye shi ko mecece “Hanyar Soja” sai yace ba zaka so ka sani ba. “Mu dai ba mu son kashe wanda bai ji ba, bai gani ba.”

Yace yawancin ‘yan Boko Haram da ake gani din nan, ba su ne mayakan kungiyar na zahiri ba, ainihin ‘yan Boko Haram din daga baya suke fitowa sanye da bakaken kaya.

“An ba wadannan mayakan Boko Haram da kake gani wani abu ya sauya musu kwakwalwa. Sai a turo su gaba in za a kai hari, muyi ta kashe su muna kashe su, muna kashe su, mun zaci cewa fada ya kare. Amma daga nan ne masu bakaken kayan zasu fito, wadanda sune nake jin ainihin ‘yan Boko Haram, sai a fara sabon fada.”

“Akwai wani mutumin da yayi ta rokonmu a kan mu kashe dansa a saboda yace idan har ba mu kashe shi ba, to dan zai komo ya kashe shi uban” in ji wannan soja.

Harin da ya kashe mutane fiye da 100 a Jihar Zamfara a watan Afrilu, ya nuna matsala da barazanar yaduwar tashe-tashen hankula zuwa sauran sassan Najeriya. (VOA/Murtala Farouk)

Mike Omeri, darektan Cibiyar Yada Labarai ta Kasa ta Najeriya, wadda gwamnati ta kafa bayan sace ‘yan matan Chibok, yace jami’ai su na sane da wannan bidiyon da wasunsu, amma yace watakila an dauki wannan bidiyon ne a wata kasar Afirka ta Yamma dabam.

“Ba zan iya tabbatar da cewa wadannan sojojin Najeriya ne ba. Rundunar sojojinmu, rundunar sojojin da na sani, ta kwararru ce. Sun je ko ina a duniya, amma ba su yi haka ba,” in ji Omeri.

“Wadannan zarge-zarge na karya ne, wadanda suka fito daga kwakwalwar masu son kai Najeriya su baro. Najeriya kasa ce mai wayewar kai, mai bin dimokuradiyya. Ba zamu yi amfani da gana azaba da tsare mutane haka siddan domin kawo karshen wannan tawaye ba. Mun fuskanci mutanen da muka samu su na karkashe mutane ne kawai, su din ma kama su muka yi, muna musu tambayoyi, su na nan da ransu, ba a kashe su ba,” Omeri ya shaidawa VOA.

Ya kara da cewa, “Rundunar sojojin Najeriya ba zata taba kaskantar da kanta haka ba. Mu ba marasa imani ba ne, ba haka muke ba, a zamanmu na mutane, kuma a zamanmu na rundunar soja.”

Amma kuma ga su sojojin Najeriya, watakila “Hanyar Soja” ita ce hanyar da suke ganin ta fi kaifi ta magance wannan barazana ta ‘yan Boko Haram dake kara yin muni. Sai dai ga wadanda ke kallon wannan lamari daga waje, irin wannan dabarar tana iya haifar da akasin abinda ake son gani: watau zata iya haifar da gaba da kiyayya a zukatan al’umma tare da kara goyon bayan da Boko Haram ke samu.

Kungiyar kare hakkin bil Adama ta Human Rights Watch ta ce “Rundunar JTF tana amfani da karfi fiye da kima, da gana azaba, da tsare mutane a asirce, da yin kwace, da kona gidajen mutane, da satar kudade a lokacin kai farmaki, da kuma kashe mutanen da ta kama ba tare da an gurfanar da su gaban shari’a ba.”

Sarah Margon, shugabar ofishin kungiyar a Washington, ta ce “Ina jin babu shakka cewa irin matakan wuce gona da iri na sojojin Najeriya sun kara ma ‘yan Boko Haram kuzari tare da bakanta sojojin a idanun jama’a farar hula, abubuwan da ba su da amfani ga kokarin kare jama’a da yakar Boko Haram.”

A yanzu dai, duk da ayyana Daular Islama da Boko Haram ta yi a Gwoza da wasu yankunan da ta kwace a kusa da nan, babu wanda yake ganin cewa zata iya rusa Najeriya.

Abinda ake kara damuwa a kai shi ne hanyoyin da kungiyar take samun kudaden gudanar da ayyukanta, da yadda take iya kwace yanki mai fadi, musamman a kusa da bakin iyakoki inda babu tsaro sosai. A wannan yankin dake cike da kasashe masu fama da fitina, kamar Mali, Chadi, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, da ma kasashe kamar Nijar, take-taken Boko Haram sun sanya ta cikin jerin kungiyoyi masu hatsarin gaske.

Pham yace, “A bayan kai hare-haren da ta keyi a kasashe makwabtan Najeriya, Boko Haram ta haddasa rashin kwanciyar hankali a kasashen da ba su da karfin da zasu iya yakarta.”

A cikin ‘yan makonnin da suka biyo bayan sace dalibai mata na Chibok a watan Afrilu, gwamnatin shugaba Goodluck Jonathan ta yi watsi da tayin kasashe irinsu Amurka, Turai da wasunsu na taimakawa wajen bin sawun daliban. Amma kuma a saboda yadda duniya ta nuna fusata, gwamnatin Najeriya ta mika kai. A watan Mayu, sojojin sama na Amurka da aka girka a Chadi sun fara amfani da jiragen sama marasa matuka a ciki tare da wani jirgin leken asiri na musamman.

A watan Nuwambar 2013, ma’aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka ta ayyana Boko Haram a zaman kungiyar ta’addanci, ayyanawar da manufarta ita ce toshe hanyoyin samun kudaden gudanar da ayyukanta.

Amma kuma, Amurka ta bayyana damuwa a kan yadda dakarun tsaron Najeriya suke keta hakkin bil Adama. A shekarar 2012, a karkashin wata doka da aka fi sani da sunan “Leahy Amendment” wadda ta haramtawa Amurka bayar da taimako ga wata rundunar sojan kasar waje da aka samu tana keta hakki, ma’aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka ta ki yarda ta tallafa da kudi wajen horas da wasu sojojin Najeriya su 211. Haka kuma, an ce an takaita bayarda agajin Amurka ga wata bataliyar sojojin Najeriya da aka tura kasar Mali domin yakar ‘yan ta’adda masu alaka da kungiyar al-Qa’ida.

Hare-haren da 'yan Boko Haram ke kaiwa a yanzu, ya zarce yankin arewa maso gabashin Najeriya zuwa wasu sassan, kamar wannan jerin kantuna dake Abuja, babban birnin kasar, inda aka kai hari ranar 25 ga watan Yuni, 2014. (Reuters)

Abinda babu tabbas shi ne ko gwamnatin shugaba Jonathan tana da sha’awa ko kuma bukatar sake dabarun yadda take tinkarar wannan lamari na Boko Haram. A ranar 22 Yuli, ‘yan Boko Haram sun lalata wata gadar da ake bi zuwa Kamaru, suka kara karya harkar kasuwanci dake zuwa ko fita daga Maiduguri. Kwana biyu bayan wannan, gwamnatin Najeriya ta bayyana cewa ita da Kamaru da Chadi da kuma Nijar zasu kafa wata rundunar yanki mai sojoji dubu 2 da 800 domin yakar tsageran.

A saboda bacin rai kan yadda al’amura suka tabarbare, da yadda gwamnatin Najeriya ta kasa tabuka wani abin a zo a gani, matasan cikin Maiduguri sun yi kukan kura, suka fara kakkafa kungiyoyin banga da ake kira ‘Yan Gora ko kuma Civilian-JTF, domin kare unguwanninsu.

Jami’ai sun yi na’am da cewa wadannan ‘Yan Gora dake dauke da sanduna, adduna, kwari da baka, sun taimaka wajen fatattakar ‘yan Boko Haram daga cikin babban birnin. Amma kungiyoyin kare hakki sun ce wadannan ‘yan banga su na da hannu wajen cin zarafi da azabtar da wadanda ake zaton ‘yan Boko Haram ne.

A garin Mainok, dake kudu da Maiduguri a kan hanyar zuwa Damaturu, sau uku ‘yan Boko Haram su na kai farmaki tare da kona makarantar sakandare ta garin tun 2012. A bayan hari na baya-bayan nan, gwamna Kashim Shettima na Jihar Borno, yayi tattaki zuwa makarantar inda ya lashi takobin sake gina wannan makaranta, tare da karfafawa mutanen garin guiwa.

Sa’o’i biyu kacal a bayan da ya bar garin, sai ‘yan Boko Haram suka komo suka kona sauran gidajen dake tsaye.

“Zamu sake gina wannan makaranta, ko da sau dubu ne ma,” in ji gwamna Shettima a lokacin da yake magana da VOA. “Wadannan mutane ne da suka ce bai kamata muje makarantar Boko ba. Idan ba mu gina wannan makaranta ba, ai sun samu nasara ke nan a kanmu. Idan kuma muka kyale su suka cimma burinsu, mun shiga uku.”