A gaping ideological divide cuts through this year's gathering of world leaders at the United Nations. It's not between capitalists and communists, rich and poor, East and West. It's between multilateralists who advocate nations working together and unilateralists who are pushing for national sovereignty.
Despite near-universal hand-wringing about the U.N.'s failings, it was clear who was in the minority on Tuesday.
President Donald Trump stood alone in his unashamed defense of the “America First” agenda that helped propel him to power — an isolationist worldview that questions the worth of international organizations and is embraced by a small but growing number of populist governments.
Trump was surrounded by multilateralists, many of them traditional U.S. allies, who want more cooperation, not less, to tackle global ills such as climate change, poverty and mass migration.
Key quotes from the opening session of this year's U.N. General Assembly:
United Nations Secretary General Antonio Guterres speaks during the United Nations General Assembly, Sept. 25, 2018 at U.N. headquarters.
U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres: “Multilateralism is under fire precisely when we need it most.”
Guterres, who heads the 193-member U.N., warned of the dangers of nations turning inward in a speech that was the inverse of Trump's.
“In the face of massive, existential threats to people and planet ... there is no way forward but collective, common-sense action for the common good,” he said.
He warned of “a pivotal moment” in global warming that risks runaway climate change if leaders don’t act in the next two years. He urged nations to implement the Paris climate agreement that the U.S. is withdrawing from.
He also warned against rising polarization and populism, saying those who view their neighbors as dangerous “may cause a threat where there was none.”
Trump: “America is governed by Americans. We reject the ideology of globalism, and we embrace the doctrine of patriotism.''
Although it was Trump's chance to speak to the world, he appeared to play to a domestic audience and struck a triumphalist tone.
He boasted that America is a “stronger, safer and a richer country” than when he took office. He defended his trade protectionism and said the U.S. is taking a “hard look” at its foreign assistance to countries that don’t have American interests “at heart.”
He lambasted the U.N. Human Rights Council and the International Criminal Court, and rejected a global pact on the rights of migrants.
“We will never surrender America's sovereignty to an unelected, unaccountable, global bureaucracy,” he said.
Trump didn't mention climate change. He said the U.S. stands ready to export “our abundant, affordable supply of oil, clean coal, and natural gas.”
Brazil's President Michel Temer addresses the 73rd session of the United Nations General Assembly, at U.N. headquarters, Sept. 25, 2018.
Brazilian President Michel Temer: “We live in times clouded by isolationist forces. Old forms of intolerance are being rekindled.”
Temer urged world leaders to recommit to international cooperation. He said that his administration has done its part by opening Brazil’s economy and by welcoming Venezuelans fleeing their country’s economic collapse.
He urged reforms of the U.N. Security Council, which is dominated by five permanent members — the U.S., China, France, Britain and Russia.
Rwanda's President Paul Kagame addresses the 73rd session of the United Nations General Assembly, at U.N. headquarters, Sept. 25, 2018.
Rwandan President Paul Kagame: “The current two-track system of global governance is unsustainable.”
Kagame said the trend in Africa is for more cooperation, not less. He cited the signing his year of the African Continental Free Trade Area, and increased support for African Union peacekeeping operations.
He said multilateralism is critical for the planet’s future but requires more fairness.
“A few get to be the ones to define the norms, by which others shall be judged,” he said.
Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan addresses the 73rd session of the United Nations General Assembly, at U.N. headquarters, Sept. 25, 2018.
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan: “If we cannot create a minimum level of peace and prosperity for all, all over the world, no one can live safely within their own borders.”
Erdogan highlighted Turkey’s aid to 4 million Syrian refugees — a contrast to Trump’s defense of securing U.S. borders from undocumented migrants.
He declared the U.N. to be “very important for the future of the world” but with a caveat: Security Council reform.
Erdogan struck a nationalist note too — warning “friendly countries” that fail to extradite terrorists wanted by Turkey would carry a “hefty price.” The increasingly authoritarian leader referred to a U.S.-based Islamic cleric whom he blames for a failed 2016 coup attempt.
French President Emmanuel Macron addresses the 73rd session of the United Nations General Assembly, Sept. 25, 2018 at U.N. headquarters.
French President Emmanuel Macron: “Nationalism always leads to defeat.”
Macron noted there has been increasing skepticism toward the U.N., European Union and other international bodies. He said that ``you may be tired of multilateralism,'' but urged against complacency and isolationism.
Seychelles President Danny Faure addresses the 73rd session of the United Nations General Assembly, at U.N. headquarters, Sept. 25, 2018.
President of the Seychelles, Danny Faure: “In this unique forum we have equal representation.”
Faure defended the U.N. and said the existence of his Indian Ocean island nation depends on states upholding global commitments to fight climate change.
Iranian President Hassan Rouhani addresses the 73rd session of the United Nations General Assembly, Sept. 25, 2018 at U.N. headquarters.
Iranian President Hassan Rouhani: “Confronting multilateralism is not a sign of strength; rather it is a symptom of the weakness of intellect.”
Rouhani’s speech was dominated by Iran's bitter rivalry with the U.S. which under Trump has withdrawn from a 2015 nuclear agreement with world powers that provided sanctions relief to Tehran. The U.S. accuses Iran with supporting terrorists.
Rouhani said Trump seems determined to make international institutions ineffectual which he said, “betrays an inability in understanding a complex and interconnected world.”