Thousands of Bangladeshi university students threw roadblocks across key highways Sunday, demanding the end of "discriminatory" quotas for coveted government jobs, including reserving posts for children of liberation heroes.
Students in almost all major universities took part, demanding a merit-based system for well-paid and massively over-subscribed civil service jobs.
"It's a do-or-die situation for us," protest coordinator Nahidul Islam told AFP, during marches at Dhaka University.
"Quotas are a discriminatory system," the 26-year-old added. "The system has to be reformed."
The current system reserves more than half of posts, totaling hundreds of thousands of government jobs.
That includes 30% reserved for children of those who fought to win Bangladeshi independence in 1971, 10% for women, and 10% percent set aside for specific districts.
Students said only those quotas supporting ethnic minorities and disabled people — 6% of jobs — should remain.
Critics say the system benefits children of pro-government groups, who back Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina.
Her father, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, was Bangladesh's founding leader.
Hasina, 76, won her fourth consecutive general election in January, in a vote without genuine opposition parties, with a widespread boycott and a major crackdown against her political opponents.
Critics accuse Bangladeshi courts of rubber-stamping decisions made by her government.
The system was initially abolished after weeks of student protests in 2018.
But in June, Dhaka's High Court rolled that back, saying the cancellation had been invalid.
'Wasting their time'
Hasina has condemned the protests, saying the matter had been settled by the court.
"Students are wasting their time," Hasina told female activists from her party Sunday, Bangladeshi newspapers reported.
"After the court's verdict, there is no justification for the anti-quota movement."
Protests began earlier in July and have grown.
"We will bury the quota system," students chanted Sunday in Bangladesh’s second city Chittagong, where hundreds of protesters marched.
In Dhaka, hundreds of students disrupted traffic for hours, police said.
At the elite Jahangirnagar University, at least 500 students blocked the highway connecting the capital with southeastern Bangladesh "for two hours," local police chief A.F.M. Shahed told AFP.
Bin Yamin Molla, a protest leader, said at least 30,000 students participated in the protests, although the number could not be verified.
Bangladesh was one of the world's poorest countries when it gained independence in 1971, but it has grown an average of more than 6% each year since 2009.
Hasina has presided over that breakneck economic growth, with per capita income in the country of 170 million people overtaking India in 2021.
But much of that growth has been on the back of the mostly female factory workforce powering its garment export industry, and economists say there is an acute crisis of jobs for millions of university students.