Russian and NASA engineers were assessing a coolant leak on Thursday from a Soyuz crew capsule docked with the International Space Station that could have been caused by a micrometeorite strike.
Dramatic NASA TV images showed white particles resembling snowflakes streaming out of the rear of the vessel for hours.
The coolant leak forced the last-minute cancellation of a spacewalk by two Russian cosmonauts on Wednesday and could potentially impact a return flight to Earth by three crew members.
Leak posed no danger
Russia's space corporation Roscosmos and the U.S. space agency said the leak on the Soyuz MS-22 spacecraft did not pose any danger to the astronauts and cosmonauts aboard the space station.
"The crew members aboard the space station are safe, and were not in any danger during the leak," NASA said.
It said ground teams were evaluating "potential impacts to the integrity of the Soyuz spacecraft."
"NASA and Roscosmos will continue to work together to determine the next course of action," NASA said.
The TASS news agency quoted Sergei Krikalev, a former cosmonaut who heads the crewed space flight program for Roscosmos, as saying that the leak could have been caused by a tiny meteorite striking Soyuz MS-22.
"The cause of the leak may be a micrometeorite entering the radiator," TASS quoted Krikalev as saying. "Possible consequences are changes in the temperature regime."
"No other changes in the telemetric parameters of either the Soyuz spacecraft or the (ISS) station on the Russian or American segments have been detected," Krikalev said.
NASA later added that the crew on the station "completed normal operations Thursday, including ... configuring tools ahead of a planned US spacewalk on Monday."
Soyuz MS-22 flew Russian cosmonauts Sergei Prokopyev and Dmitry Petelin and NASA astronaut Frank Rubio to the space station in September.
It is scheduled to bring them back to Earth in March and another vessel would have to be sent to the space station if Soyuz MS-22 is unavailable.
Prokopyev and Petelin had been making preparations for a spacewalk on Wednesday when the leak was discovered.
"The crew reported the warning device of the ship's diagnostic system went off, indicating a pressure drop in the cooling system," Roscosmos said. "At the moment, all systems of the ISS and the ship are operating normally, the crew is safe."
NASA said the leak had occurred on the "aft end" of Soyuz MS-22, which is secured to the space station.
International collaboration
There are currently four other astronauts and cosmonauts aboard the space station in addition to Rubio, Prokopyev and Petelin.
NASA astronauts Josh Cassada and Nicole Mann, Japanese astronaut Koichi Wakata and Russian cosmonaut Anna Kikina were flown to the space station in October aboard a SpaceX spacecraft.
Space has been a rare avenue of cooperation between Moscow and Washington since the start of Moscow's assault on Ukraine in February, and ensuing Western sanctions on Russia that shredded ties between the two countries.
The ISS was launched in 1998 at a time of increased US-Russia cooperation following their Space Race competition during the Cold War.